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Objective@#To develop the Assessment of Smartphone Multitasking for Adolescents (ASMA) and evaluate its reliability and construct validity, so that to provide an evaluation tool for relevant epidemiological studies.@*Methods@#Based on literature review, expert based judgement, and group discussion, the self administered ASMA identified 3 dimensions named smartphone activities and non-media activities multitasking, smartphone activities and other media activities multitasking, and smartphone functional use multitasking, which initially included 27 items. From October to December 2021, 5 566 college students were selected from 7 regions, including Liaoning, Shanxi, Henan, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen, and Yunnan by multi stage cluster sampling method, and item analysis, factor analysis, and reliability evaluation were used to screen items and evaluate reliability and validity.@*Results@#The final version of AMSA contained 3 dimensions covering 26 items. The variance cumulative contribution rate was 59.63 %. The internal consistency test showed that Cronbach s alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.944, and ranged from 0.838 to 0.928 for each dimension. The split half coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.849 and ranging from 0.781 to 0.874 for each dimension. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), and Tucker Lewis index (TLI) of the questionnaire were 0.068, 0.901, and 0.891, respectively, which had which had a good fitting degree. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the criterion validity of the questionnaire was good ( r=0.206-0.351, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The ASMA is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics and can be used as an assessment tool to evaluate smartphone multitasking behaviors in adolescents.
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Objective@#The study aimed to describe the prevalence of mobile phone use and depressive symptoms and to examine the bidirectional associations between the two among college students, providinb evidence for mental health promotion among college students.@*Methods@#A longitudinal study with follow up at 6 month intervals was conducted in 1 135 students from 2 universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province who were selected between April and May 2019. The last follow up was conducted between April and May 2021 based on questionnaire survey, and 999 valid participants were obtained after matching. The self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the duration of cellular phone use and use of cellular phone functions among college students. The Self rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess cellular phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between cellular phone use behavior and depressive symptoms at baseline and 2 years later; linear regression model was used to analyze the linear association between cellular phone use behavior and depressive symptoms scores; autoregressive cross lagged model was used to analyze the bidirectional associations between cellular phone use behaviors and depressive symptoms among college students over time.@*Results@#The prevalence of mobile phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students at baseline were 24.3% and 42.4%, respectively. The mean duration of mobile phone use among college students at baseline and the 2 year follow up were (2.84±0.90)h/d and (2.02±1.05)h/d, respectively; the mean scores of mobile phone dependence were (23.30±9.00) and (23.29±10.45), respectively; the mean scores of mobile phone function use were (30.12±6.66) and (29.12±7.27), respectively; and the mean scores of depressive symptoms were (4.51±4.76) and (2.61±4.40), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed there were significant positive correlations between duration of cellular phone use, cellular phone dependence, use of cellular phone functions at baseline or 2 years later and depressive symptoms 2 years later( r =0.08-0.50, P <0.05). Linear regression models showed a significant positive association between cellular phone dependence at baseline and depressive symptoms ( β=0.26, 95%CI =0.23-0.29) at baseline and 2 years later ( β=0.12, 95%CI =0.09-0.15). Autoregressive cross lagged models showed that cellular phone dependence at baseline positively predicted depressive symptoms 2 years later ( β =0.04) and depressive symptoms at baseline positively predicted cellular phone dependence 2 years later( β =0.23)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#There was a bidirectional association between cellular phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students. Reducing cellular phone dependence is of positive significance for improving college students mental health.
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Objective@#To investigate the current situation and associated factors of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among college freshmen in Tianjin during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide a reference for visual comfort of college students.@*Methods@#A total of 868 college freshmen from one university in Tianjin were administered with CVS qualitative analysis questionnaire, eye health status questionnaire and eye health examination during Oct to Dec 2021. Chi square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used for data analysis.@*Results@#The detection rate of CVS among the included students was 68.5% ( n =595) and was higher in females (72.2%) than in males (61.7%). The CVS detection rate in girls, students without myopia, >30 min sleep onset, >1 h mobile phone usage, and ≤8 h sleep duration (72.2%, 70.4%, 81.1%, 72.7%, 71.2%) were significantly higher than boys, students with low grade myopia, sleep onset required ≤30 min, use mobile phone for ≤1 h, and sleep duration >8 h(61.7%, 63.3 %, 67.4%, 65.9%, 61.1%) ( χ 2=10.08, 3.94, 5.89, 4.40, 7.94, P ＜0.05). Differences in CVS detection rates varied significantly by daily electronic device usage and academic stress students ( χ 2=22.03, 21.24, P ＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that daily use of electronic devices 4-6, 7-9, ≥10 h, sleep onset required >30 min, moderate to higher academic pressure were positively associated with CVS ( OR=1.95, 2.94, 2.30, 2.39, 3.51, 4.41, P ＜0.05), boys, low grade myopia, night sleep time >8 h were negatively associated with CVS ( OR=0.65, 0.70, 0.65, P ＜0.05).@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of CVS among freshmen in a university in Tianjing is high. Attention should be paid to the CVS situation of students with e learning, and general public should also be educated to reduce the time of unnecessary electronic product use and ensure night sleep to reduce the prevalence of CVS.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between mobile phone dependence (MPD) and academic burden among junior middle school students in Guizhou Province, under the "double reduction" policy by using a multi level model, so as to provide a basis for preventing the occurrence of MPD.@*Methods@#From December 2021 to January 2022, 7 868 students from grade 1 to grade 3 in 3 cities (prefecture) of Guizhou Province were selected by multi stage stratification random sampling method, and on site investigation was conducted by self compiled questionnaire and Self rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(SQAPMPU). Using MLwiN 2.30 to fit a multi level model of the relationship between MPD and academic burden among junior middle school students.@*Results@#The MPD detection rate of junior middle school students in Guizhou Province was 20.9%. The multi level model revealed that MPD of junior middle school students was clustered at the level of school and class ( χ 2= 1 565.32 , P <0.01), and high perceived academic pressure had a positive predictive effect on MPD among junior middle school students ( β =1.96). Homework duration ≥90 min/d at weekends had a negative predictive effect on MPD ( β =-0.55), while participation in off campus training on learning days had a positive predictive effect ( β =1.66)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The MPD occurrence level is higher among junior middle school students in Guizhou Province. Perceived academic pressure, time spent on homework during weekends, off campus training and other academic burdens have an impact on MPD among junior middle school students, which should be a cause of concern for schools, families and social departments.
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Abstract@#With the rapid development of information technology and the popularity of intelligent electronic devices, increasing attention has been to sexting behavior among adolescents and its negative consequences which are driven by social networking. Therefore, the paper reviews the assessment tools and current situation regarding adolescent sexting exposure, the influencing factors of sexting behavior, and the impact of sexting behavior on adolescent physical and mental health. It also proposes future research prospects based on the shortcomings of existing research, thereby providing a reference for further studies and the follow up development of intervention strategies to address sexting behavior, so as to promote sexual health and sexual development among adolescents.
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Objective@#To develop a conceptual framework for prevention intervention plans through a series of case studies, so as to provide inspiration for the design of services to help adolescents form healthy mobile phone use habits.@*Methods@#Convenient sampling method was used to investigate 20 students in grade 8 from 3 schools in Shanghai. Through the research on teenagers use of mobile phones, parents intervention on mobile phone use and comprehensive intervention program on mobile phone use, the evolution process model of parent child conflict in the context of teenagers use of mobile phones is formed, and the comprehensive intervention program on teenagers use of mobile phones is determined.@*Results@#Adolescents motivations for using mobile phones were mainly social fun (37.14%), leisure activities (34.61%) and information search (28.25%). Unilateral intervention methods could not meet the needs of adolescents with different motivations. In most cases, parents make rules without considering children s characteristics and family background, resulting in different degrees of parent child conflict, resulting in invalid rules and repeated negative emotions of teenagers.@*Conclusion@#It is very necessary to adopt the activity design of online and offline integrated service system, so as to promote the healthy mobile phone use habits of teenagers.Comprehensive online and offline intervention methods can help teenagers to obtain other resources and promote the formation of healthy mobile phone use habits.
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Objective@#To explore effectiveness of exercise intervention and group cognitive therapy on mobile phone dependence in college students.@*Methods@#A total of 762 college students from a university in Wuhan were selected through random cluster sampling method in Oct. 2019. Among them, 126 students with higher risk for mobile phone dependence were selected as experimental group which were assigned to four groups:open exercise group(basketball,31),close exercise group(baduanjin,31), group cognitive group(30) and control group(34). The exercise group attended 60 min intervention twice a week for 10 weeks. The effectiveness was evaluated through the changes in the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI).@*Results@#The 10week exercise and group based cognitive therapy intervention can improve mobile phone dependence behavior among college students ( F group= 4.54, F time = 3.67, P <0.05). Among them, the open exercise group and the group cognitive therapy group showed slightly better effects( t= 0.06, P >0.05). In the follow up visit two months after intervention, no significant difference between the closed exercise group and the post test results( t=1.23, P >0.05). In the dimensions of out of control and withdrawal, the open exercise was more effective than the closed exercise intervention( t=2.58, 2.67, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Open exercise group has similar effect on improvement in mobile phone dependence with group cognitive therapy among college students, while closed exercise intervention shows better long term effect.
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Abstract@#Adolescents at the unique period during which individuals experience rapid growth in social, emotional, and cognitive aspects, are more prone to smartphone addiction than other groups. Smartphone addiction has been proved to seriously affect the physical and mental health of adolescents, and these impacts will become increasingly widespread with age. The effectiveness of current smartphone addiction interventions are mild among adolescents, which have proved to be related to adolescents unique cognitive and psychological characteristics. This paper reviews the latest research on adolescent smartphone addiction interventions, and classifies and elaborates from information enhancement strategies, ability enhancement strategies and behavioral intervention strategies, and puts forward the feasibility suggestions in this field, providing reference for localized intervention strategies, with the aim to developing systematic intervention design guidance and an effective multi subject collaborative intervention system.
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Objective@#To understand the current situation and associated factors of cellphone usage and addiction among Chinese children and adolescents, to provide reference for effective prevention and intervention of cellphone addiction.@*Methods@#Using a stratified random sampling approach, 11 213 children and adolescents and their parents from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China were recruited and surveyed.@*Results@#The median of daily mobile phone use time among Chinese children and adolescents were 120.00 minutes, as reported by either children or parents. Child s age( β =0.12), hedonic( β =0.11) and social( β =0.09) cellphone use motivations positively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.01). Cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.06) and knowledge( β =-0.03), as well as cellphone usage on instrumental( β =-0.04) or self representation( β =-0.16) motivation negatively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.05). Child s age( β =-0.04), cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.09) and awareness( β =-0.14), cellphone use on instrumental motivation( β =-0.22) were negatively associated with cellphone addiction among children and adolescents( P <0.05). Cellphone related parental monitoring( β =0.07), as well as cellphone usage on self representation motivation( β =0.03) or hedonic motivation( β =0.29) positively related to cellphone addiction in children and adolescents( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Time spent on mobile phone and mobile phone addiction of Chinese children and adolescents are influenced by various internal and external factors, such as the mobile phone use motivation and parenting style.Future school education should help children develop scientific motivation for mobile phone use. Family education should help parents develop positive parenting behaviors such as communication and awareness, so as to reduce the possibility of improper mobile phone use.
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Objective@#To explore the prevalence of sexting among secondary vocational school students and to examine the correlation between sexting and mental health, so as to provide evidence for prevention and intervention on adolescents mental health.@*Methods@#In April 2021, three secondary vocational schools from central urban area, outskirts and outer suburbs in Shanghai, among 1 580 students were selected by cluster sampling.@*Results@#The proportions of students who received and who forwarded others private photos or videos were 11.96% and 2.78%, respectively. The proportion of students who sent others personal photos or videos was 2.54%. And the proportions of boys were higher than those of girls ( χ 2=45.89, 24.09, 6.66, P <0.01). The results of multivariable Logistic analysis showed that compared with those who had never sexted, students who had ever had any sexting were at higher risk of anxiety ( OR=2.40, 95%CI =1.59-3.61), depression( OR=1.86, 95%CI =1.25-2.75), non suicidal self injury intention ( OR=2.34, 95%CI =1.48-3.69) and suicidal intention ( OR=2.96, 95%CI =1.83-4.79)( P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#There is a significant correlation between sexting and mental health among secondary vocational school students. The latent risks of sexting should be included in the curriculum of comprehensive sex education for teenagers to enhance their media literacy and decision making capability, so as to prevent sexual assault or abuse caused by sexting and promote sexual and reproductive health and as well as mental health of adolescents.
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Objective@#To explore the mediating effect and gender difference of mobile phone use in the association between different types of childhood abuse experiences and sleep quality of medical students, so as to provide reference for promoting sleep quality of medical students.@*Methods@#A longitudinal study design method was used to select freshmen and sophomores in two medical colleges in Anhui Province from November to December 2019, follow up data were collected from May to June 2020, and a total of 6 879 students were included in this study. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the association between baseline childhood abuse experiences, baseline mobile phone use and follow up sleep quality. Bootstrap program and Process software were applied to test the mediating effect of mobile phone use in the relationship between childhood abuse and sleep quality.@*Results@#Childhood abuse experiences were positively correlated with mobile phone use and sleep quality score ( r = 0.27 , 0.24, P <0.01), and mobile phone use was positively correlated with sleep quality score ( r =0.31, P <0.01). In the total sample, after adjusting for confounding factors, mobile phone use played a partial mediating role in childhood abuse experiences (including emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse) and sleep quality, and the mediating effect was 18.08% (18.12%, 17.15%, 24.09%). The mediating effect of mobile phone use on the relationship between childhood emotional abuse, sexual abuse, childhood abuse and sleep quality in girls(18.32%, 28.05%, 18.24%) was higher than in boys(17.81%, 18.94%, 17.63%).@*Conclusion@#Mobile phone use has a mediating effect on the relationship between childhood abuse and sleep quality, controlling mobile phone overuse may contribute to improving the sleep quality for those who have experienced childhood abuse.
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Objective@#To describe the prevalence of cell phone dependence and anxiety-depression co morbidity among college students, and to explore the association between cell phone dependence and anxiety-depression co morbidity among college students, in order to provide a reference basis for promoting the development of college students mental health.@*Methods@#Using a prospective study design, baseline survey was conducted in April-May 2019 among a random whole group sample of 1 135 individuals in two universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, and a follow up survey was conducted in November 2019 among the sampled population, with a valid number of 1 110 individuals after matching with the baseline survey. The Self rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) was used to assess college students cell phone dependence, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Self Rating Scale (DASS-21) to assess depression, anxiety, and anxiety depression co morbidity symptoms, and the self administered Health Related Behavior and Mental Health Questionnaire for College Students to report sleep duration.@*Results@#The detection rates of cell phone dependence among college students at baseline and follow up surveys were 24.5% and 27.7%, respectively, and the detection rates of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and anxiety depression co morbidities were 28.7%, 21.3%, and 18.4%, respectively. The results of the binary Logistic regression model showed that cell phone dependence was positively associated with the risk of anxiety depression co morbid symptoms among college students at baseline ( OR =5.79, 95% CI =4.06-8.24) and after six months of follow up ( OR =2.62, 95% CI =1.86-3.69) ( P <0.01). The results of the moderating effect analysis showed that sleep duration moderated the association between cell phone dependence and anxiety depression co morbidities, and the interaction term was statistically significant ( β =0.08, 0.04, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Cell phone dependence in college students increases the risk of depressive and anxiety co morbid symptoms, and sleep mitigates effect of cell phone dependence on depressive and anxiety co morbid symptoms in college students.
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Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of sports combined with group psychological counseling on the psychological craving, addiction sererity, as well as comorbid depression with anxiety severity of college students with smartphone addiction.@*Methods@#Totally 148 smart-phone addicts were randomly divided into 3 groups(sports group 49 students, group psychological counseling group 50 students, sports group counseling group 49 students). Smartphone addiction was evaluated by using the University Student Smartphone Addiction Scale(SAS-C); the degree of mental hunger was assessed by the Visual Analog Scale(VAS); the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) were used to evaluate the degree of anxiety and depression. All scales were evaluated before intervention, after intervention and 3 months after the intervention.@*Results@#The SAS-C,VAS,HAMD,HAMA scores of the three groups decreased with time(F=36.05，38.54，37.27，39.27，P<0.01), and the scores were the lowest in the sports group counseling group, SAS-C,VAS,HAMD,HAMA followed by the group counseling group and the highest in the sports group(F=34.33，32.36，32.34，34.96，P<0.01). Howevey, all the 3 groups still had depression and anxiety symptoms after 3 months of intervention.@*Conclusion@#Sports, group psychological counseling, sports combined with group counseling can all differentially help decreasing the psychological cravings and addiction levels of smartphone addicts and severity of depression and anxiety with the latter shows the highest effectiveness, followed by the group counseling and sports intervention alone.
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Objective@#To understand the relationship between college students with different mobile phone addiction trends and adverse psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, so as to provide references for college students mental health intervention and prevention of mobile phone addiction.@*Methods@#From 2018 to 2019, 1 824 college students from two universities in Henan were investigated for 5 follow up surveys of mobile phone addiction, depression, and anxiety, to understand the change trajectory of college students mobile phone addiction and its relationship with depression and anxiety.@*Results@#The average score of mobile phone addiction among college students was (43.19±5.51) points, the detection rate of anxiety was 34.21%, and the detection rate of depression was 40.73%. In different urban and rural areas, class rankings, and sleep time, the differences in the scores of mobile phone addiction among college students were statistically significant ( F =3.65, 3.79, 3.82, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with students in the mobile phone addiction group with a stable change trend, the high addiction increased group ( OR =3.21,95% CI =2.33-4.41) and the low addiction rapidly increased group ( OR=8.39，95%CI =5.08-13.78) had a higher risk of anxiety ( P <0.01), the high addiction increased group ( OR=3.31，95%CI =2.39-4.51), the low addiction rapidly increased group ( OR=4.51，95%CI =2.81-7.15) had a higher risk of depression ( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Colleges and universities should pay attention to the problem of mobile phone addiction among college students, especially those with a high concentration of mobile phone addiction, so as to effectively reduce the negative psychological problems of college students such as depression and anxiety.
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Objective@#To describe the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use and anxiety in college students, and explore the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and anxiety, and to provide reference for physical and mental health promotion of college students.@*Methods@#One medical college and a comprephensive college were selected in Hefei city of Anhui Province and Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province, respectively, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 1 135 valid questionnaires were collected. The self-rating questionnaires regarding basic information of college students, use the Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(SQAPMPU) and the Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depression-Anxiety-Stress for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(DASS-21) was used to evaluate problematic mobile phone use and anxiety, respectively. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality.@*Conclusion@#The detection rates of college students with problematic mobile phone use and poor sleep quality were 24.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The detection rates of college students anxiety grouped by severity were 5.1%, 23.9%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed a positive linear correlation between problematic mobile phone use and anxiety[OR values(95%CI) were 1.86(1.01-3.44), 4.34(3.14-5.99), P<0.01]. The results of process showed that sleep quality played a moderating role between problematic mobile phone use and anxiety(R2=0.37, F=220.52, P<0.01). Interaction term s β=0.09(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of problematic mobile phone use is high in college students, and problematic mobile phone use is positively related to anxiety. Good sleep quality can alleviate the relationship between mobile phone dependence and anxiety of college students.
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Objective@#This study aimed to investigate the correlation between brain gray matter volume(GMV) and MPD based on voxel-based morphometry(VBM) method.@*Methods@#By using principle of random sampling method, 566 students were recruited from 5 different majors in a certain university. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the general situation and MPD. Moreover, 266 students were obtained high-resolution 3-dimensional T1 structure images by 3.0 T MRI based on voluntary principle. A multiple regression model with VBM8 was performed to detect GMV associated with MPD scores.@*Results@#Among the 266 participants, 81 students(30.5%) reported MPD. There were no statistical differences of MPD scores between different characteristics, such as gender, residential area, sibling and perceived family income, as well as academic performance(t/F=-1.04,0.40,-1.30,0.23,1.48,P>0.05). An inverse correlation was found between GMV of the anterior cingulate gyrus(ACC) and right fusiform gyrus(FFG) with MPD scores(FDR corrected, P<0.05), and no positive associations were found.@*Conclusion@#College students with higher severity of MPD have lower GMV of ACC and right FFG, and these results suggested that MPD was correlated with brain reward, executive control and emotional related GMV.
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Objective@#The research was to investigate the intermediary effect of school adjustment between famale college students’ life meaning and mobile phone addiction and to provide reference for mobile phone addiction prevention.@*Methods@#Totally 1 355 female college students in Jinan City were investigated with Life Meaning Scale, School Adjustment Scale and Mobile Phone Addiction Scale.@*Results@#Score of freshmen’ mobile phone addiction (34.02±7.87) was significantly lower than that of sophomores’ and junior’(36.67±8.03, 37.19±10.40)(F=4.58, P<0.05). Female college students’ life meaning and school adjustment were negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction(r=-0.50, -0.58, P<0.01). Female college students’ life meaning was positively correlated with school adjustment(r=0.51, P<0.01). Having a sense of life meaning and seeking a sense of life meaning could jointly explain 24% of the variation in mobile phone addiction. School adjustment played a complete mediating role between life meaning and mobile phone addiction in female college students.@*Conclusion@#Female college students’ life meaning can affect mobile phone addiction through school adjustment.
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Objective@#This aim of the study is to analyze the general and specific inhibition control of college students who have mobile phone dependence and their craving for mobile phone after the wastage of inhibition control resource, and to provide a reference for the intervention.@*Methods@#The Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale was used to screen 40 mobile phone dependence and 40 non-dependence college students, who were divided into two groups completed two conditions of Numerical Stroop Task with and without mobile phone ringing sound interference. Craving for mobile phone before and after the Numerical Stroop Task was assessed.@*Results@#Mobile phone dependence group had significantly more Stroop interference scores than mobile phone normal use group under the two conditions( F =19.34, P <0.01).After completing the Numerical Stroop Task under the interference condition, mobile phone dependence group experienced a significant boost craving of mobile phone ( t =-6.02, P <0.01). The scores of craving for mobile phones after the Numerical Stroop Task had significant positive relationships with Stroop interference scores( r =0.51, 0.51 , P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The mobile phone dependence college students have poor inhibition control, inhibitory control which might associate with increase of craving for mobile phone.
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Objective@#To explore the impact of function of mobile phone use on self-perceived stress and mobile phone addiction of high vocational students, and the mediating role of coping styles between different mobile phone functions and mobile phone addiction.@*Methods@#A total of 911 participants in two vocational colleges in Wuhan and Liaocheng were investigated by using convenient sampling method. Smartphone Usage, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Stress subscale of Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale(short version) were administered to participants.@*Results@#Female students scored significantly higher on mobile phone social features (4.77±1.06) than males( t =2.05， P =0.04), while males scored significantly higher on MPATS and DASS-S, Negative Coping Style subscales than females( P <0.01). The social function of the mobile phone was positively related to the positive coping styles( r =0.17, P <0.01). The game features of mobile phone were positively related to negative coping styles, stress and mobile addiction( P <0.01). Negative coping style could positively predict stress and mobile phone addiction( β =0.53, 0.50, P <0.01). Negative coping styles and stress had significant chain mediation effects in nonsocial functions and mobile phone addiction(95% CI =0.06-0.24, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Students of vocational college who often use cellphone not for social purpose have higher self-perceived stress. The game function of mobile phones had an adverse effect on the physical and mental health of vocational students. Negative coping style is a powerful predictor of stress and mobile phone addiction.
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Objective@#To explore the trajectory of mobile phone addiction score and to investigate the relationship between subgroups of trajectory and anxiety with depression in college students, and to provide evidence for risk factors of anxiety and depression and mobile phone addiction prevention college students.@*Methods@#A total of 1 562 college students were recruited from 2017 in Shandong University were followed longitudinally for five times by means of stratified cluster sampling. Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and Self-rating Depression Scale were used, and latent class linear mixed models were used to identify the trajectory of mobile phone addiction score and Logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between subgroups of trajectory with anxiety and depression.@*Results@#At the last survey, the mean mobile phone addiction score was (42.9±5.4) and the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 33.7% (n=526) and 40.2% (n=628), respectively. The trajectories of mobile phone addiction score were classified into five groups: stable, high level-decreasing group, low level-rapid increasing group, moderate level-increasing group, and high level-increasing group. The number and proportion of the five groups were 701(44.9%), 309(19.8%), 96(6.2%), 232(14.9%), 224(14.3%), respectively. Compared with students of stable group, students in the moderate level-increasing and high level-increasing groups had higher risk of anxiety (OR=3.19, 95%CI=2.32-4.40; OR=8.38, 95%CI=5.09-13.77) and depression (OR=3.29, 95%CI=2.40-4.52; OR=4.49, 95%CI=2.82-7.16).@*Conclusion@#Mental health education in universities should start with mobile phone intervention, especially those with severe increasing tendency of mobile phone addiction, which would subsequently decrease the prevalence of anxiety and depression in college students.